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Effects of an additional small group discussion to cognitive achievement and retention in basic principles of bioethics teaching methods

06 May

Dedi Afandi1, Yuli Budiningsih2, Oktavinda Safitry2, Agus Purwadianto2, Dwi Novitasari3, Ivan Riyanto Widjaja4

1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico legal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia2 Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico legal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 3 Department of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 4 Sixth year medical student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstrak

Tujuan Kedudukan etik dalam kurikulum fakultas kedokteran adalah sangat esensial tetapi metode pengajaran etika kedokteran tidak begitu banyak berubah. Kaidah dasar bioetika merupakan pengetahuan yang relevan untuk membangun pemikiran kritis mahasiswa tentang etika kedokteran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek pengaruh penambahan diskusi kelompok kecil pada metode kuliah konvensional terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan retensi dari materi kaidah dasar bioetika. Penelitian ini merupakan uji kasus-kontrol, acak, dengan desain paralel. Tes Kaidah Dasar Bioetika digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kognitif dan retensi dari pengetahuan kaidah dasar bioetika. Kelompok kontrol akan diberikan kuliah secara konvensional, sedangkan kelompok intervensi selain kuliah akan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi kelompok kecil.

Hasil Kuliah umum konvensional, dengan atau tanpa penambahan diskusi kelompok kecil dapat meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan dan retensi tentang kaidah dasar bioetika (masing-masing P= 0.001 and P= 0.000). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dan tingkat retensi antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi (P= 0.000, P= 0.000, masing-masing).

Simpulan Metode pengajaran dengan tambahan diskusi kelompok kecil lebih baik daripada metode kuliah konvensional dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan retensi kaidah dasar bioetika. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 48-52)

Abstract

Aim The place of ethics in undergraduate medical curricula is essential but the methods of teaching medical ethics did not show substantial changes. “Basic principles of bioethics” is the best knowledge to develop student’s reasoning analysis in medical ethics In this study, we investigate the effects of an additional small group discussion in basic principles of bioethics conventional lecture methods to cognitive achievement and retention. This study was a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Cognitive scores of the basic principles of bioethics as a parameter was measured using basic principles of bioethics (Kaidah Dasar Bioetika, KDB) test. Both groups were attending conventional lectures, then the intervention group got an additional small group discussion.

Result Conventional lectures with or without small group discussion significantly increased cognitive achievement of basic principles of bioethics (P= 0.001 and P= 0.000, respectively), and there were significant differences in cognitive achievement and retention between the 2 groups (P= 0.000 and P= 0.000, respectively).

Conclusion Additional small group discussion method improved cognitive achievement and retention of basic principles of bioethics. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 48-52)

Keywords: lecture, specification checklist, multiple choice questions

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